Technical description
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Project Hessdalen 1984 - Final Technical Report

By MSc.EE. Erling Strand

1. Introduction

2. The Instruments

3. The Results

3.1 The lights

3.2 The spectral-analysis
3.3 The Seismograph
3.4 The radar recordings
3.5 The Spectrum Analyser
3.6 Magnetometer
3.7 Laser
3.8 Geigercounter
3.9 IR-Viewer
3.10 F10 Lights

4. DISCUSSION

4.1 The sightings
4.2 The spectral analysis
4.3 The radar and spectrum analyser
4.4 The magnetometer
4.5 The laser
4.6 The geigercounter and the IR-viewer
4.7 The "nonworking" instruments

5. CONCLUSION

APPENDIX

A1. Summary of the reports
A2. Overview on some of the films
A3. Registrations on seismograph
A4. Registrations on radar
A5. Registration on spectrum analyser
A6. Registrations on magnetograph
- The temperature and the sightings
- An aeromagnetical map
- The geology
- The pictures

In December 1981, unknown lights suddenly started to show up. The lights could stand still for more than an hour, they could move around slowly, and sometimes they could stop. They could also show a large speed: at one time a speed of about 8500 m/s was tracked by radar.

These lights could be anywhere. Sometimes they were reported to be just above the roof of the houses, or just above the ground. Sometimes they could be high up in the air. Mostly the lights were reported to be below the tops of the mountains nearby. No one could give explanations for these lights.

The lights appeared to have different specific forms. This showed up on the photos. It could have a form of a bullet, with the sharp end down. It could be round as a football. It could be as a "Christmas-tree" upside down. The colours were mostly white, or yellow-white. Sometimes it could have a small red light, usually on the top or bottom of the white. A few times it seemed to have all the colours; red, green, blue, yellow, at the same time. And sometimes, on the photos, we can see a blue light.

The lights were occuring several times a day, but mostly during the evening or nighttime. At the most, it could be seen about four times a day. All of these were actually in the valley. If we had counted those lights that showed up higher in the sky also, it could have been a higher number. There were more lights in wintertime. In summertime, lights were seldom seen at all. One reason for that might be that there is daylight almost whole night in summertime in Hessdalen.

The lights could be split in three groups:

- 1. Small and strong white or blue flashes, which could show up everywhere in the sky.

- 2. Yellow or yellow-white lights. These lights have very often been seen in the valley, just over the roof of the houses, or even down on the ground. They could be stationary for more than an hour, move slowly around in the valley, and sometimes show large accelerations and speeds. They could also be higher up in the sky. Mostly they moved on a north/south course.

- 3. Several lights together with a fixed distance from each other. Mostly it was two yellow or white lights with a red in front. Many people talked about "The object", when they saw this type of light. These lights could move slowly around the top of the mountains. The direction of "travelling" was mostly on a north/south course.

Suddenly, in the spring of 1983, the lights seemed to be much more seldom. In the summer of 1983 we got no reports. However, in the autumn and winter reports started coming in again, but much fewer than the years before. However, in this autumn (1984), we have got more reports than last autumn.

As no official institutes with governmental support seemed to care about these unknown lights, five persons started their own project. The aim of the project was to find out what this phenomenon in Hessdalen and nearby areas was. Even if we didn't succeed in that, we hoped to find out a little bit more about the phenomenon than what we knew before. This is the report on part 1 of this project. If founding is available, we will go on for another year.

The project consists of a "working committee", which has the responsibility for running the project, and an "advisory committee", which should help the working committee in the theoretical part. It should act as an expert group and answer questions from us; the working committee. (The fact is that the advisory committee got very little work from us, because we managed to build up a local expert group, consisting of people from Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (NDRE), the University of Oslo and the University of Bergen. In these days, the University of Trondheim also joins the group.)

The project was born on 3 June 1983. On 27 August it was presented on BUFORA's 3. international UFO-congress in England. During the autumn a research program was established. On 19 November the project was presented to the people in the valley. During the first part of January 1984, an information bulletin, explaining about the project, together with a simple report form, which people should return to us, were sent out to 3300 households in the district. The work in the field, with all the instruments, started on 21 January 1984, and ended on 26 February.

The work in the field started with a "test weekend". This weekend should be a training session for the main part, which should go on from 11 February to 26 February. During the test weekend about 22 persons were present. Some of these people could be on duty between the test weekend and the main part. Therefore, we decided that the project should go on, all the time from 21 January to 26 February. During the time between the test weekend and the main part there were few observers present. From Monday 23 January to Friday 27 there were 5 people. After that, only one or two people were on duty. That is perhaps the main reason why there are few reports during that period. In the main part, from 10 february to 27 February, the number of observers was as shown in fig. 1.1.

Fig. 1.1. - The number of observers during the main period.

The people in the field were divided in three groups during the test weekend. Some on the headquarter on Aspåskjølen, some on Finnsåhøgda, and some on Fjellbekkhøgda. For a short period, some people were at Heggset, too.

During the main period, from 11 February to 26 February, people were divided in three groups, but now the field- stations were at Hersjøen and Litlfjellet. The headquarter was still at Aspåskjølen. The headquarter was a caravan, with most of the instruments in it.

Some of the photos that were taken of the Hessdals-phenomenon prior to the project period, are in the appendix.

- Acknowledgements. -

Professor J.A. Hynek, Prof. J.A. Tellefsen, Dr. H. Rutledge and P. Devereux for being in the "Advisory Committee".

The people in the valley for providing us with living quarters, transportation, power to the instruments, and supporting us with positive attitude.

All those who performed excellent fieldwork, free of charge: L.G. B„rling, L. Berggren, L.S. Berlin, J.W. Bjordammen, D. Ekenhage, U. Ekstedt, C. Flemk, H. Gullberg, P.E. Gullberg, M. Heim, J. Hjelvik, J. Karlsson, S.E. Knutsen, M. Kaarbø, B. Lagesson, A. Lindholm, I. Lindstrøm, O. Lövgren, K. Malvik, D. Mattson, K.A. Mattsson, K. Melander, M. Nielsen, M. Nilsson, C. Nordin, S. Ohlsson, M.B. Pellving, K. Persson, K.O. Petterson, H. Svaerd, U. Tellander, A.P. Thomassen, T. Thomassen, B. Tyselius, J.K. Quam, K. Aakerlund and others that helped in the project.

The three organisations: "UFO-Norway", "UFO-Sweden" and "Föreningen för psykobiofysik", which supported this project. Per Solerud for developing most of the films. Knut Aasheim, Hans Kristian Moe and Rønnaug Hansen for discussion and correction of this report.

The working committee has consisted of:
L. Havik, O.G. Røed, H. Ekstrand, J. Fjellander and myself, Erling Strand. Together we acted as a project leader-team, which had the responsibility for each part of the project.

2. THE INSTRUMENTS

We focused upon the lights, mainly because most of the reports were dealing with them, and because they were most likely to give results. To find out what kind of instruments we needed, we first studied some of the reports, then we studied what people had proposed as solutions for these unknown lights. That led us to the following instruments:

- Camera with gratings
This is the best way of getting information of what kind of light source we are dealing with. Is it a continous spectrum, or is it not? That is: Is it a light due to a thermal process, or is it not. If not, what gas-combination can it be? If it is, the big question is: What is the energy source?

This is probably one of the most important measurements to be done. If we get an answer to this, then we can choose the further procedure. It will also elliminate the wrong hypothesis. Plasma phenomena may give a line spectra, as for instance the aurora.

We obtained totally 6 gratings, 3 especially designed for spectral analysis: Paton Hawksley TE.216E. We also got one Paton Hawksley TE.218C and TE.215.

- Seismograph
Is this light due to movements in the ground? This is a hypothesis widely discussed these days. The hypothesis was proposed by P. Devereux in his book: "Earth Lights". There could either be a direct connection with movements in the ground, or it could be a connection with the tension in the ground just before or after a movement in the ground.

That hypothesis was the background for the seismological and geological investigation. We installed a seismograph; "MEQ-800 Portable Seismic System", in Hessdalen in October 1983.

We have also got detailed stereoscopic pictures from Hessdalen and the nearby areas. We could then find out more about the geology. This work is done by Dr.Sc.nat. M. Heim.

["HESSDALS-PHENOMENON" - a drawing of some of the instruments]

- Radar

Do these lights reflect radar waves, and if they do, what is the distance and speed of these lights?
This leads us to the radar: "Atlas 2000". This radar has a wavelength of 3 cm, with a maximum distance of 33 km.

- Spectrum analyser

Many reports from other parts of the world indicate that there has been electrical interference when an unknown aerial phenomenon is nearby. Radio communication has been affected. Even though, nothing of this has been reported from Hessdalen, we decided to monitor the spectrum. We coupled a broadband antenna to a spectrum analyser, which swept from from 150 KHz to 1250 MHz continously. This was a Hewlett-Packard, with a 8554L-RF Section, 8552A-IF Section and 141S Display Section.

We also got a radio interference and field intensity meter; Singer NM-25T. This instrument cover the band from 150 KHz to 32 MHz. The purpose of this instrument was to measure the strength of any unknown source detected by the spectrum analyser.

- Magnetometer

There is an hypothesis claiming that this phenomenon may be associated with a magnetic field.

We wanted to test this hypothesis as well. We also wanted to see if there were any connection with magnetical fluctuations (which occur frequently). We got a Fluxgate Magnetometer; Model FM100, Serial 73. This device had a high sensitivity: 1000 gamma gave a reading of 1 Volt. It had three outputs: X (towards north); Y (towards east) and Z (vertical). We connected this to a two-channel recorder: TOA Electronic Polyrecorder Model EPR-200A. Then we could record two (of the three) dimensions. This recorder was available only for a small period of the project. Whenever it was not available, we used an Esterline-Angus Graphic Ampmeter.

The magnetometer was mainly designed to measure slowly varying magnetic fluctuations, as for instance magnetic storms. It was not a pulsationmeter. It had a frequency response within 3 dB from DC to 0.5 Hz. Some of the pulsations were recorded when we used the TOA Polyrecorder. Sometimes they could be hard to read.

- Laser

A couple of reports from Hessdalen state that the light disappeared when a strong light-source was directed towards it. We wanted to test if this was correct. Therefore, we got a 633 nm laser from Spectra-Physics Inc. Model 155. This had a power of 0.4 to 0.76 mW in the TEM (00) mode. The divergence was 1 mrad.

- Geigercounter

Some people have claimed that there have been radioactive radiation from such uknown phenomena. Therefore, we got three geigercounters, which continously measured the background radiation. We had two Radiation Alert Mini, and one home-made with digital read-out.

- IR-Viewer

If there is any strong IR-radiation from these lights, it might be seen with an IR-viewer. We got two of these, from FJW, model 80045.

3. THE RESULTS

3.1 The lights.

- One describes the quality of the report, and is given values from G1 to G10. If the report has very few details, it will probably get a G1. If the report is well documented with many details, it will get a G9 or G10.

- One index indicates the probability of finding a natural, or a "known-light" - explanation. If one can decide, with absolute certainty, that the light the report refers to, is a known light, i.e. an airplane, the report will get an F1. If no explanation is found, it will get an F10.

How can we decide if the report shall get for instance an F5 or an F6? This is of course very difficult, and we have not any specific rules that make the decision clear to us. It is therefore a subjective decision, but it is made by two persons. Even if one report has got a G5 and should have got a G6, the result of giving quality marks is good enough to get an overview of the reports. The same arguments applies to the F-category.

If you study table 3.1, you notice there are few reports which both have a high F-score and high G-score. There are 6 reports with F9 and higher. 4 of them have got G7 or higher. That is too little to draw any conclusion about the nature of the light, or to find anything in common. You will find the details about the lights with high F-numbers in chapter 3.10, and in the appendix.

After studying the reports, I will set a threshold between F4 and F5. A report which has got an F5 or higher might be the Hessdals-phenomenon. If we study all reports which have got an F5 or higher, we see that about 68% moved along a north-south axis. If it was exactly on the axis is hard to say. 12% had other moving directions. Three lights (two of them have got an F10) changed moving-direction during the observation. Two moved up and down (one F9), and 6 reports have not indicated anything on how the lights moved.

Among these 53 reports, three indicate a special kind of movement. One of these was photographed (picture RW1/3). In the picture, you see the start of an oscillation. The frequency of this oscillation is 7 Hz +/- 2 Hz. The report tells that this oscillation was growing in amplitude until the light disappeared. Another report indicates that a flickering light stopped flickering, made a big jump, and started flickering again. All the time was it moving towards north. A third report tells about a "waving movement" when it was moving towards north.

39% of the reports (F5 and higher) indicate some kind of flickering. Two F10 lights were among these. 57% do not mention flickering at all or they say it is a stable light.

The two strong ones are taken of a light which have got an F5. With other words; it might be a known light. They are taken by Bj›rn Lagesson, Sunday 26 February at 03.08 am. The light was in the mountainside, northwest (azimuth 366 degrees out of 400) of the field-station at the lake Hersjøen. First there was a strong flash, then after 20 seconds, a strong "spotlight" was pointing at the observers for a couple of seconds. Then the spotlight was directed straight down for a couple of seconds. Thereafter the direction of the spotlight moved upwards and round in a half-circle, and back to the observers once more. Then it suddenly "turned off". The time from the first flash to the "turning off", was about 3 minutes. There were three observers observing this light. One of them thought it might be the spotlight from a snowscooter. But he was not sure, because the light seemed to be "too strong for that", and it had a little bit "strange movement". Anyway - this made it only an F5-light, even if it is strange that anyone should be out in the mountains at that time of the day. You find the pictures in appendix. Fig. A8.

One of the weak ones, with G7-G6, is analysed in a computer at the University of Oslo. The conclusion of this work is that it is too weak to say what kind of spectrum it is. It seemed to be some kind of spectrum from 560 nm to 630 nm. The maximum wavelength the film (Kodak Tri-X) can tolerate, is about 630 nm. We chose to analyse this picture, because it was best documented, and had the highest F-score. The picture was taken by Arne P. Thomassen on 25 January at 7.10 pm. He and his wife, Tone, was at the southern part of the mountain Finnsåhøgda. They saw a bright "planet" low in southwest. It was as bright as Venus at the strongest. It didn't move for a couple of minutes. Then it started to move towards north, on their western side. Arne shot three pictures. Just after Arne had shot the pictures, the light suddenly speeded up and disappeared. You will find a copy of the picture Arne took in the appendix, together with the data analysis.

We have also one picture taken by me, on 21 January at 7.30 pm. This is also too weak to say what kind of spectrum it is. The picture have also a lot of low and high orders of star spectra.

As I have mentioned earlier, I will set the criterion between F4 and F5: any light that has got a "score" of F5 or higher, should be treated as if it was the Hessdals-phenomenon. Because the pictures you see in the appendix, taken on 26 February, lie just at the limit, these pictures cannot be used as a proof that the Hessdals-phenomenon has a continuous spectrum.

3.3 The seismograph.

The sensitivity we obtained with this installation was 1.5 on the Richter scale.

The Hessdalen area is not well covered from other seismological stations. In Norway, the nearest station to the south is Hamar, to the west Florø, to the north Tromsø. There has to be a quake with greater amplitude than 2.5 on the Richter scale in the Hessdalen area, to be detected on one of the nearest stations.

Inside a radius of 70 km from Hessdalen, there have been detected four quakes, all small in amplitude, during the last 6 years. Inside a radius of 50 km, there have been 15 recordings, during the last 100 years. Even though the area hasn'y got any good cover, one can say that there is very little seismological activity, compared to other areas in Norway.

Until now, we have not found any connection between the phenomenon and movements in the ground.

Details of the recordings on the seismograph (from quakes in other parts of the world), and a list of seismological activity from 1887, within 50 km from Hessdalen, will be found in the appendix.

3.4 The radar recordings

Most recordings were done on 2, 3 and 4 February. More details in the appendix.

Two times we managed to take a picture of such a reflection. As you can see in the picture (figs. A9 and A10 in the appendix), this reflection is as strong as the reflections from the mountains. Such a strong reflection can be caused by a solid object, a strong gradient of for instance temperature, humidity or pressure. The picture is analysed by a radar expert at NDRE, and he said: "If this isn't a reflection of a solid object, but only gas in the air, the gas has to be locally and strongly ionised. Otherwise, it wouldn't give such a strong reflection".

We did not get reflections from all lights. The reason for that might be the following: Mostly, we had the radar adjusted to show only 5.5 km. Those three times we did get anything on radar together with light, happened when the screen was adjusted on a longer distance. The reason might be that the lights were out of distance when the radar was adjusted to 5.5 km.

Why didn't we have the radar adjusted to maximum range; 33 km, all the time? The reason for that is that we waited for the light that used to travel in front of Finns†h›gda. Then we had to have it adjusted for a shorter distance. It is about 2 km to the mountain Finnsåhøgda.

One of the three times the light was followed with the eyes and was seen as a reflection on the radar screen at the same time and direction, there were reflections every second sweep. But the light was seen all the time. Could it be that the light does not reflect radar waves all the time? Only sometimes? The same thing happened a couple of times when we didn't see the light: Reflection every second sweep. Is it possible that it might "react" to radar waves? Was it because of the radar that it didn't reflect the second time? The technical data on the radar, and a copy of some of the recordings will be found in the appendix.

- The first time we saw a reflection on radar in the same direction as we saw the light, was on Saturday 21 January at 5.50 pm. It was a light which travelled towards north- northeast over Finns†h›gda. When it was in the north, it nearly stopped travelling and suddenly went right down and disappeared. We got one reflection on the radar in the same direction (+/- 5 degrees), when it went straight down.

- The second time was on Wednesday 25 January at 5.32 pm. The observers said: "A big object came from the south, moving towards north over the mountain Finnsåhøgda". When the light was just over Finnsåhøgda, there was a reflection on the radar, in the same direction (+/- 5 degrees) as the observers saw the light. The light was travelling slowly towards the north, all the time. On the next radarsweep, no reflection was seen. On the sweep after that, it was seen again. No more reflections were seen as it travelled further towards north.

- The third time was on Friday 27 January at 10.58 pm. A light was travelling from south to north. The speed seemed to be very large. There were two echoes on the screen. The time between them was 2.4 seconds, and the distance between them was about 20 km to 21 km. Just after (3 seconds) it was seen on the radar, the radar observer went outside. The observers outside told what they had seen. Both the direction of motion and the speed they indicated, seemed to be the same as the radar observer saw. The distance is hard to decide for the observers. The accuracy of the time of observing visually and on the radar is within about 3 seconds.

3.5 The Spectrum Analyser

The analyser was adjusted to show the whole frequency band in one sweep. That is from 100 kHz to 1250 MHz. These unknown recordings showed up as "spikes" with about 80 MHz between them. They went up and down with nearly equal amplitude on the whole band.

These recordings were done from 29 January to 3 February, with a maximum on 3 february.

A natural explanation of these recordings, is noise from the radar. An argument against that explanation is the fact that we saw no noise on the radar screen when we got the spikes on the spectrum analyser.

3.6 Magnetometer

The reason why we had recordings of pulsations only from 11 to 14 February, is because that was the time we had a recorder that was fast enough to record the pulsations; TOA Electronic Polyrecorder. The other times, we had the Esterline-Angus Graphic Ampmeter, which only recorded the slowly-varying magnetical fluctuations.

If we go on for another period, we should have a pulsation magnetometer. Even though the Fluxgate magnetometer did record pulsations, it could sometimes be difficult to read the pulsations. Especially when there were magnetical storms.

In the appendix, you will find the collected data from the magnetometer. In the tables below, you find the times and approximate amplitude of the of pulsations, and the F-number of the lights.

In the first case, there was a regular flashing light, slowly moving towards north, on Sunday 12 February at 7.35 pm. The flashing had been regular all the time we had seen the light. The light moved slowly. From the first time we saw it in the south, until it disappeared in the north, it took about 15 minutes. When this light was in the northern part of Finns†h›gda, we pointed the laser towards it for the first time. At once, it changed the flashing sequence: From a regular flashing light, it became a regular double-flashing light: Flash.Flash.......Flash.Flash.......Flash.Flash....... After about 10 seconds, we put the laser down, at once it became a regular single-flashing light again: Flash......Flash......Flash...... After about 10 seconds we repeated this again. It was repeated totally 4 times before it went out of sight. All the times, we got this double-flashing, when the laser was pointing at it.

The second case, the same type of light came from the north and moved towards south. It was the same day, Sunday 12 February at 8.41 pm. When the light was in the west, we pointed the laser towards it. The same thing happened now; it changed to a double-flashing light when the laser pointed towards it. This time we did it 5 times. Only the last of these times did we not get any double-flashing. But 4 of these 5 times, we got it.

The test was done like this: Kurt Persson used binoculars looking at the light. He told what he was seeing all the time; he said: "flash...flash...flash...". I (Erling Strand) used the laser. He could not see where I was pointing with the laser. When I raised the laser, pointing at the light, he said: "flash.flash.....flash.flash.....flash.flash.....". May Britt Pellving was a witness to what we were doing. There were also other persons out at that moment, but they were concentrating on their work.

3.8 Geigercounter

3.9 IR-Viwer

But we used it only on lights far away. The power from the lights could have been too weak to be detected on our IR- viewer. And since we used it only two times, it should be clear that there is not enough material to draw any conclusion.

3.10 F10-lights

Monday 20 February at 6.12 pm: Red light
Maybe the most "unexplainable" happening was the red light on the ground. It happened on Monday 20 February. Leif Havik was alone in the caravan. He was dressing. Åge Moe (a farmer from Hessdalen) and Edvin Kværnes (also from Hessdalen), had just arrived. They waited outside the caravan. Moe at the north side, beside the door into the caravan, and Kv'rnes at the south side. They should all go into Øyungneset, to see the lights from that place. Just when Leif went out of the caravan, a red light moved around his feet and disappeared. The duration was a few seconds. Moe said: "Look at the reflection". That was the only explanation he could figure out aat that time. Leif saw at once that it was the same type of light as from our laser. The laser we had used was at that time in Oslo.

To check if it really was the same type of light, as from our laser, we brought the laser back on 25 February. Moe had never seen a laser before. We brought him to the caravan. It was about the same time of day when we did this checking. When I put the light onto the snow, just beside our feet, Moe said: "That's exactly what I saw! But it was a little bit weaker". Then I put the light on the floor in the caravan, and he said: "It was a little bit stronger than that".

What could make such a light on the snow. It was very strong. What could it be? All the lights in the caravan had been switched off before this happened. There were no lights outside. It could not have been light from the houses. The nearest house is about 500 meters away, and it is below a hill. The nearest house you can see is 2 km away, in the south. The light showed up on the northern side of the caravan. All the houses you can see is on the southern side. And if any of the inhabitants should have a laser (very doubtful), probably the only place that person could have been, was in an airplane with no engine and with no lights. - We have not found any explanation on this light, and I don't believe we will either. In the discussion, Leif said: "If I only had put my hand above it, then I could have found out where it came from. But I didn't think of that when I saw it". A second after the light had been "switched off", they looked up in the air, but nothing was seen. It was cloudy, but just over the caravan, there was a little opening in the clouds, and there did they see the stars.

Friday 17 February at 6.05 to 7.30 pm: Yellow light.
The report written by Ove Lövgren, from Hersjøen says: "At 6.05 pm Ove Joakim Karlsson and Dick Ekenhage went up to the observing place. They came from the cottage. When they were 150 meters from the cottage, they saw a light on the west side of Hersj›en. At 6.15 pm they made some filming and took some pictures. At 6.25 pm they thought it was a cottage, because it hadn't moved. Joakim thought he saw two flashes from the light, but they went on up to the observing place. At 7.30 pm came a yellow light, which was two lights close together, from the western part of Hersj›en. It went to the northeast, but changed direction, and went right towards us. We took photos. When Joakim called on the walkie-talkie, it took a couple of seconds and the light burned out. The light was about 600 to 1000 meters from us, when this happened. Nothing more was seen, and no sounds could be heard, even when it was close to us".

- When we study the local map, we see that there is 3 to 4 km from the observing place to the mountain on the western part of the lake Hersjøen. If they used that distance as a reference, it might be correct the distance they indicated where the light burned out. - It was the same light as Joakim and Dick saw between 6.05 and 6.25 pm that moved at 7.30 pm. The report was not clear on that point. They looked at this light often during the time from 6.05 to 7.30 pm. - The film they took show only a moving light. No other reference is in the movie. Then we can't be sure if the movement is caused by the light movement or movement of the camera.

All this together made it an F10-light.

Thursday 2 February at 8.11 pm: A bright "object".
This was the same type of light which has been photographed earlier (see fig. A7). It was three separate lights moving towards north, just above the mountain Finnsåhøgda. It seemed to be quite near. The distance to Finnsåh&slash;gda from the observing place is about 1500 meters. The distance to the light was about 2 - 2.5 km. The observers could see these three bright lights. They indicated also that they could see a darker area in between the bright lights, and also smaller and weaker white light. The movement of the three bright lights was so that it seemed to be fixed onto one "object". Two of them was yellow-white lights and they seemed to be in the back, and a red one seemed to be in the front.

These lights were moving over the mountain Finnsåhøgda towards the eastern part of Litlfjellet. They seemed to be near and just over the mountain. When they were over Litlfjellet, they seemed to be in the same height as the top of Litlfjellet. They had, what the observers called; a waving movement.

At this time, there were none at the headquarter. That is why no instrumentation reading could be done. The lights were observed from Jon Aspås' house at Aspås. Leif havik had a coffeebreak at Jon Aspås, when Åge Moe phoned and told about the light which was coming. He called at 8.11 pm. Just after that, Lars Lillevold called and said the same thing. Åsmund Aspås and Johannes Lyngstad were also at Jon's house. Edvind Kværnes was at Åge Moe. They all went out, and Leif took a camera equipped with a 400 mm telephoto lens. He took some pictures. These pictures were not successfull, because there was no tripod. You can only see a light moving all over the pictures. This movement or smearing is due to the camera movement. The time from Leif Havik saw the light over Finns†h›gda and until it went out of sight at Litlfjellet, was between 1.5 and 2.5 minutes. Jon A. Aspås and his children had also seen it from Heggset.

Friday 27 January at 10.58 pm: A bright light.
Just after a plane was observed, moving towards north, a bright light was seen through binoculars over Brattbekken on the mountain Finnsåhøgda. Jon Aspås and Ruth Marry Moe were observers. Leif Havik was looking at the radar screen. The observers saw the light move at a great speed to the northwest. At that moment, Leif Havik saw two following echoes on the radar. The distance between the two echoes was about 20370 +/- 1000 meters. The time between them was 2.4 seconds. That give a mean speed of about 8000 to 9000 m/s.

Just after Leif had seen the echoes, he went outside. Then the observers told that they had just seen a light moving at a great speed from south to northwest over Finnsåhøgda.

Their indication of the speed, direction of motion and time seemed to coincide with what Leif Havik observed on the screen. The accuracy of time was about 2-3 seconds.

4. DISCUSSION

4.1 The sightings

If you study the summary of the reports, in the appendix, and study the timetable of the planes, you might say that more reports should have a higher "F-score". This is probably right, but the reason why they haven't got any higher score, is that many of them did not look as anything unknown.

If we had got a direct line to the radar station that covers the district, we could perhaps have picked out the planes easily. That means that we would have got few reports with a score between F2 and F8. And then we would have got a more correct picture of the unknown light: When and where. The line to the radarstation will probably be "connected" in a future project period. All recordings on planes moving to V'rnes airport (200 km to the north) can then be noted. And if we together with this could register all planes that we can see, we could easily pick out the planes afterwards.

It is also important that we take measurements of all lights that we are not 100% sure is a known light. We once had a very good opportunity to make measurements; take spectral pictures of an F10-light; the one at 6.05 pm on Friday 17 February. But the reporters "thought" it was a cottage. After it started to move, they became sure that it was no cottage light, but it was too late to make any good measurements.

We must be more clever with the documentation of the photos. Some of the best pictures did not agree completely with the report. The observers should have taken reference pictures that couldn't have been mistaken. Even though this can be made better, and it will this winter, we have many documented pictures of the lights.

We did not have a continuous watch on all stations. So the fact that we have less reports before 11 February and in the last time of the period, is mainly because of lack of personnel.

4.2 The spectral analysis

We only got four spectral pictures out of seven films, mainly because we didn't use this screen, and because the exposure time on the cameras sometimes was too short, and because the light sometimes moved too fast.

Next time we will have this screen. If we also could have a light amplifier on some cameras, the probability of taking a good spectral photo will increase.

4.3 The radar and spectrum analyser

Next time we should have instruments that could record every change on the screen. This should be possible with a spectrum analyser. But radar equipment with this possibility is difficult to obtain. If we don't get this, we should stress that more people should be at the main station.

4.4 The magnetometer

4.6 The geigercounter and the IR-viewer

We didn't have any lights close to the station. If we have had that, maybe there had been a recording? The IR-viewer we only used twice, and I have already mentioned that this is not enough to draw any conclusion.

4.7 The "nonworking" instruments

5. CONCLUSION

We have not found out what this phenomenon is. That could hardly be expected either. But we know that the phenomenon, whatever it is, can be measured.

Beside the light measurements, it can be "measured" by radar and laser. Perhaps the measurements we did on the magnetograph and spectrum analyser are due to this phenomenon as well. We have to do more measurements with these instruments, before we can be sure of that.

We got no measurements with the geigercounter, seismograph or IR-viewer. But I will prefer to bring these instruments as well in the next period. And it might be useful to also record events that seem to be unimportant. We stand in front of something unknown, and we must collect everything that might lead us to an answer on what this is.

Some hypotheses of what this phenomenon is, might be weakened or strengthened after analysing the measurements in this report. However, the different hypotheses will not be discussed here. The report is more intended to set a basis for further discussion on what it can be, and what should be used in the nest period.

Erling Strand (sign.)
5 January 1985.

- REFERENCES.

The summary of the reports will be written as following: Hour.Minutes: Place; Category; Story...... Film name, no. ; .....Story.

The place is:
- (1): Aspåskjølen
- (2): Hersjøen
- (3): Litlfjellet
- (4): Finnsåhøgda (south)
- (5): Kjerrengvoll
- (6): Heggset
- (7): The intersection where the road from the headquarter
leads out to the main road
- (8): Øyungen

The category is:
F: Indicate how difficult it will be to find an explanation for the light. F1 marks with a hundred percent certainty that the light is known; i.e. an aeroplane. F10 marks that no explanation is found.

G: Indicate how good the report is. If the report contains many details, or if it contains details enough to get a satisfactory explanation, it will get a G9 or G10. If the report contains very few details, it will get a G1.

Saturday 21 January.
17.33: (5); G6,F1; A plane towards north.

17.45: (5); G7,F6; A yellow-white light showed up in the direction of the mountain Rødhovde. Sometimes it flickered with uneven frequency and uneven amplitude. It had an irregular movement. It moved towards the north over Finnsåhøgda and disappeared from sight at 17.48 pm.
17.50: (1); G7,F8; A red light to the north. Recording on radar. ES1/1-3
18.03: (5); G7,F6; A light showed up over Finnsåhøgda. It moved towards southwest. It was flickering. When it was over Fjellbekkhøgda, we saw that there were two lights. They were about 10 degrees apart. The last one was a little bit weaker. They moved in this way some minutes. Then, the last one moved up 10 degrees, and disappeared a short time after. The flickering was uneven. In between the strong flickering, there were several (weak) flickerings. The bright one continued towards southwest, and became weaker (longer distance). Just before it went out of sight, it stopped flickering, made a big jump, and started to flicker again. It went out of sight at 18.17. OGR/1
18.10: (1); G4,F4; Flashing light in southwest. ES/4
19.20: (1); G6,F7; Light with strange "jumps" in southwest. This jumping stopped suddenly, and it moved towards north. Sometimes there were strange movements, but not with any big amplitude. While it was seen in the north, it first slowly started to oscillate and suddenly made a big movement, like an "S", up in the air and disappeared. This happened at 19.30. RW/2,3 ES1/11,12,13,14 OGR/2-10
19.26: (1); G3,F1; Plane towards south. RW1/5
19.40: (1); G5,F4; Light in the southwest, moving towards north. Duration about two minutes. ES1/18
21.20: (1); G2,F3; Flickering light in southwest. OGR/11

Sunday 22 January.
01.50: (1); G2,F3; Flickering light over Finnsåhøgda. OGR/12,13
17.45: (1); G2,F2; Bright light moving towards north. (Plane?)
19.20: (1); G2,F3; Flickering light just above Litlfjellet. It moved towards north. It disappeared at 19.25. OGR/14
19.45: (1); G2,F2; Light moving towards north. Strange movement. OGR/17-19

Tuesday 24 January.
19.15: (4); G6,F4; Light in the east, with unregular flickering. It moved towards south. APT/3
19.20: (4); G6,F7; Many white lights with a big flashing red light, came from the north, turned around "Fjellbekktoppen", and moved towards north. APT1/4-12
19.40: (4); G6,F1; Plane towards north. APT1/13-15

Wednesday 25 January. 17.32: (1); G6,F8; Big "object" from south. Unregular white and red lights. Radar contact. Two echoes. (See separate radar report.)
17.41: (1); G6,F1; A plane over the station, moving towards north.
18.24: (1); G6,F1; A plane moving towards south.
18.40: (1); G6,F1; A plane moving towards north-northeast.
19.05: (1); G6,F1; A plane moving towards north-northeast.
19.10: (4); G7,F6; A yellow light, as bright as Venus, stood motionless a couple of minutes in southwest, 20 degrees over the horizon. Suddenly it started to move towards north, in the west. "Just after I had taken three photos with the camera (with grating), it suddenly speeded up and disappeared behind Fjellbekkhøgda". APT1/22-24
19.16: (1); G5,F4; A yellow-red light moved towards north over Finnsåhøgda. LH1/
19.35: (1); G6,F1; A plane moving towards south.
20.12: (1); G6,F1; A plane moving towards south.
20.12: (1); G4,F6; A red flickering light moving towards the north, in the west. It moves down, when it is in the north.
20.54: (1); G6,F1; A plane moving towards south.
21.53: (1); G6,F1; A plane moving towards south.
22.00: (1); G6,F1; A plane moving towards north.
22.43: (1); G6,F2; A plane? moving towards north. No sound.
23.21: (1); G7,F1; A plane moving towards south.

Thursday 26 January.
22.47: (1); G4,F5; A bright light with a red light in front, moving towards north.

Friday 27 January.
22.53: (4); G2,F1; Plane.
22.56: (4); G5,F6; The big light (as a jumbojet) moved in the same course as the plane, but a little bit slower and lower.
22.58: (1); G9,F10; A bright light moving from south to north. It showed a large speed. This light was also registered on radar. The radar measured a minimum speed of about 8000 to 9000 m/s. See separate radar report.

Sunday 29 January.
17.31: (1); G3,F4; A light moving towards north.

Tuesday 31 January.
22.48: (1); G3,F4; A light mowing towards north.

Wednesday 1 February.
13.59: (1); G9,F1; Two small planes coming from Rognefjell, moving north. They were seen on the radar.

Thursday 2 February.
20.11: (1); G7,F10; A bright "object" moving towards north. It has two yellow-white lights, and it is darker in the middle. It has a red light in the front. The movement was "waving". It was near and low, just over Finns†h›gda, and it moved towards the eastern part of Litlfjellet.

Friday 3 February.
23.02: (7); G2,F6; A light just over the headquarter, moving up and down.

Sunday 5 February.
23.00: (1); G3,F4; A light moved straight down in the southern part of Finnsåhøgda.

Tuesday 7 February.
20.11: (1); G3,F4; A bright yellow light with a flickering red light, moving towards north.
22.47: (1); G3,F3; A light moving towards north.

Wednesday 8 February.
19.53: (1); G2,F4; A yellow light moved straight down, west of Litlfjellet.

Saturday 11 February.
18.44: (1); G6,F3; A light moved straight down between the two lowest stars in Big Dipper.
19.20: (2); G7,F5; A yellow light moving towards north. It was seen in the west. H001/1,2
19.21: (1); G8,F5; A yellow light with a flickering red light, moving from southwest to northeast. It went out of sight at 19.25. LH1/12-18
21.04: (2); G8,F1; A big light in the sky. Probably a reflection. It disappeared at 21.17. DM001/3
21.20: (2); G5,F2; A big weak light on the mountain. Probably reflection? It disappears at 22.40.
23.10: (2); G5,F2; Light in the sky. Reflection?
23.27: (1); G2,F9; A yellow-orange light in the east. The mountain is seen behind the light. It moves up and down.

Sunday 12 February.
18.18: (1); G2,F2; Plane (?) towards south.
18.29: (1); G2,F2; Plane (?) towards south.
18.35: (2); G5,F4; A yellow-orange light moving towards south. H001/4-8
18.39: (1); G2,F2; Plane (?) towards south.
18.41: (1); G1,F2; Two planes (?)
19.02: (2); G7,F5; A red light in the north, just over the horizon, moving towards west. Duration 1 minute. H001/9,10
19.13: (1); G2,F1; A plane.
19.20: (1); G7,F8; A red flickering light in the south, moving towards the north.
19.22: (2); G7,F8; The light meets a plane (G3,F2), that travels towards south.
19.25: (2); G7,F8; Bright light in the west, moving towards north.
19.35: (1); G7,F8; A red flickering light just over Finnsåhøgda. The first test with laser. Reaction! Four out of four tests.
19.52: (1); G2,F2; Plane moving from north towards south. ES2/10
19.55: (2); G5,F3; Light in the west, moving towards south.
19.55: (1); G3,F4; A red "double-light" in southwest.
20.40: (1); G4,F1; A plane moving towards south.
20.41: (1); G6,F8; A flickering light moved from the mountain Litlfjellet to the mountain Finnsåhøgda. It moves down in the southern part of Finnsåhøond test with laser. Reaction! Three out of four tests.
21.53: (1); G8,F5; Plane towards north. LH1/19-23
22.48: (1); G8,F5; A light moving towards north. LH1/24-28
22.50: (2); G5,F5; A yellow light moving towards north. Duration two minutes. H001/15,16
22.52: (1); G5,F5; Light moving towards north.
23.39: (2); G6,F6; Yellow light moving towards south. Duration 30 seconds.

Monday 13 February.
00.30: (5); G1,F7; A big light over Hersj›en. It stood still for a couple of minutes. Then it moved fast towards northwest, and stopped over �yungen.
17.58: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
18.02: (1); G4,F2; A satellite moving towards northeast.
18.19: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
19.18: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
19.39: (1); G4,F3; A light moving fast down on the mountainside. Reflection?
19.55: (2); G7,F4; An orange light "lay" on the edge of the mountain in northwest, for 40 minutes.
20.56: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
21.05: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.
22.35: (2); G8,F6; An orange light in the south, 10 degrees over the mountain. It turned out after 10 seconds.
22.42: (1); G3,F1; A plane.

Tuesday 14 February.
06.07: (2); G8,F2; A white light moving upwards, in the west. Duration 4 seconds.
13.40: (1); G2,F1; A plane.
16.54: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.
18.08: (2); G7,F1; A flickering light in southeast, 10 degrees over the mountain. - A star. H002/3,4
19.22: (1); G4,F1; A plane moving towards north.
19.29: (1); G3,F1; A plane moving towards north.
19.32: (1); G2,F7; Three flashes in the southeast. First weak, then stronger and the last one very strong.
20.06: (1); G2,F9; Some flickering, in a short time, just by Hammerkneppen (?), in the north. It seemed to be very close to the headquarter.
20.12: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.
21.24: (1); G6,F1; A plane moving towards south.

Wednesday 15 February.
13.30: (1); G9,F1; A private plane moving towards south, on the east side of the station. Also registered on radar.
16.44: (1); G8,F1; A private plane moving towards south, on the east side of the station.
18.49: (1); G2,F6; A red flickering light moving towards north.
18.55: (1); G2,F6; A red flickering light moving towards north.
19.12: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.
19.28: (1); G3,F6; Red flickering light moving towards west, in the northern part of Litlfjellet.
19.30: (2); G6,F4; A yellow light moving towards north, in the west. It went out of sight at 19.38.
19.46: (2); G6,F6; A red unregular flickering light, moving towards north, in the west. 25 to 30 degrees over the mountain. It ended/went out of sight at 19.52. H002/5
19.54: (2); G6,F6; A red unregular flickering light, moving towards north. 20 degrees over the mountain. It ended/went out of sight at 20.06. H002/7
20.21: (2); G7,F7; A red flickering light, moving from the north to the south. It met a yellow light, which went over the red one. The red light was seen for 8 minutes, the yellow for 4 minutes.
21.00: (2); G8,F5; A yellow light, moving from the northwest to the southeast. 25 degrees over the mountain. It went out of sight at 21.12. H002/19
21.05: (1); G8,F5; A yellow-white-red light moving from northeast to southwest. It went out of sight at 21.08. LH1/31,32
22.00: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
22.06: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.
22.46: (1); G8,F6; A big oval light, with a darker area in the middle, moving from the south to the north, over Finns†h›gda and west of Litlfjellet. It moved very low. LH2/00-1
23.15: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.

Thursday 16 February.
18.26: (2); G8,F1; A yellow light in the west, moving towards south. H002/21,22,23
18.26: (1); G8,F1; A plane.
19.33: (2); G7,F4; A yellow light in the west, moving towards north. H002/24-27
19.34: (1); G7,F4; A light moving towards north.
19.45: (2); G4,F7; 5 or 6 red flashes in the west, moving towards south. 5 seconds.
19.46: (1); G4,F7; 5 red flashes in the south.
20.10: (1); G7,F4; A light moving from the south to the north. It was seen until 20.14. LH2/3-7
20.12: (2); G7,F4; A yellow light in the west, moving towards north. H002/28,29
20.35: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
21.00: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south. LH2/8
21.01: (2); G8,F1; A yellow light in the west, moving towards south. H004/2-5
21.24: (2); G7,F6; A red light in the west, moving towards south. 40 degrees over the mountain. Duration 3 minutes. H003/3,4
21.53: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
21.59: (2); G7,F4; A yellow light in the west, moving towards north. 10 degrees high. Duration 3 minutes. H003/3,4
22.21: (1); G2,F6; A light moving towards south.
22.42: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.
22.58: (1); G8,F6; A big light moving towards north in the west. It went out of sight at 23.01. LH2/9-15
23.12: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.
23.26: (2); G6,F4; A strong white light moving upwards, from north to south. Duration 2 seconds.

Friday 17 February.
17.15: (1); G2,F1; A plane
17.33: (1); G4,F1; A plane moving from north to south.
17.47: (1); G4,F1; A plane moving from south to north.
18.04: (1); G2,F1; A plane.
18.05: (2); G9,F10; A yellow light was observed in the mountainside, on the western part of Hersj›en. We took some pictures. But as it hadn't moved until 18.25, we thought it was a light from a cottage. A couple of times it seemed as if it was flickering, otherwise it was stable. At 19.30 the light suddenly started to move out in the valley, direction northeast. Then we could see that there were two lights, placed very close to each other. Shortly afterwards, it changed direction, and moved straight towards us (in the south). One of us tried to call up the headquarter on a walkie-talkie (27 MHz). Just a few seconds after that, the lights "burned out". The distance to the lights when this happened, was about 600 to 1000 m. The time elapsed from it started to move until it "burned out", was about 1 minute 30 seconds.
18.44: (1); G2,F1; A plane.
19.13: (1); G2,F1; A plane.
19.37: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving from north to south.
20.23: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
23.02: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.
23.37: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.

Saturday 18 February.
18.29: (2); G7,F2; Light in the mountain. Cottage (?).
18.36: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.
19.18: (1); G7,F5; A yellow-white light with a flash, moving towards north. Duration 2 minutes.
19.21: (1); G7,F5; White flickering light moving towards north.
20.18: (1); G8,F7; A strong light, just over the horizon in the east. Slowly moving horisontally to the south. It was slowly "flickering": It gradually became very strong, and when it gradually became very weak. Again it became strong and weak and strong... This happened about five to six times. Each time we managed to take a picture. These pictures have a very good quality, compared to what we could expect under such circumstances. It ended at about 20.20. RW1/13-17
22.01: (1); G3,F4; A flash at the top of Finns†h›gda.
23.21: (3); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
23.22: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.

Sunday 19 February.
17.38: (1); G4,F2; A plane (?) moving towards north, east side of the headquarter. LH3/4
19.18: (3); G5,F1; A plane moving towards north.
19.22: (1); G5,F2; A red-yellow light on the western part of Litlfjellet. LH3/5
19.25: (1); G8,F5; A light moving towards north, over Finnsåhøgda and west of Litlfjellet. It went out of sight at 19.28. LH3/6-10
19.27: (2); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.
19.42: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
20.05: (2); G3,F5; A small yellow-white light in the north- northwest. It stood motionless for 1 minute.
20.05: (2); G3;F5; First a light in north. Just afterwards; a flickering light towards north.
20.09: (1); G5,F3; A light moving towards north. A bright white flickering. It went out of sight at 20.16. LH003/11,12,15,16
20.11: (1); G5,F4; Red and green light moving towards north. LH003/13,14
20.13: (3); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north, in the west.
20.20: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
20.20: (3); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
20.24: (1); G8,F7; A light just over the horizon in the east. It behaved just like the light the day before; the one at 20.18. LH3/17,18
21.25: (2); G3,F1; A plane moving towards south.
21.26: (1); G4,F5; A red light with a white flickering light, moving towards south.
22.09: (3); G3,F1; A plane moving towards north, in the west.
22.45: (2); G8,F7; A strong white light, with a red light in front, moving towards north. 35 degrees over the mountain. It went out of sight after 3 minutes.
22.48: (3); G8,F7; A red light and a strong white light moving towards north, in the west. Low over the horizon.
22.49: (1); G8,F7; A strong light with a red flickering light, moving towards north. LH3/21
22.51: (3); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
22.53: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.

Monday 20 February.
05.17: (1); G8,F1; A plane with a white flickering light, moving towards south.
18.12: (1); G7,F10; A strong red point moving around on the ground.
18.25: (2); G3,F1; A plane moving towards south.
18.30: (2); G7,F4; Two small red lights moving up the mountainside on Skarvan. They were three centimetres apart (relative dimensions, viewed at an arm's length), moving exactly parallel. It took the lights 30 seconds to "climb up" the mountainside.
18.41: (2); G2,F2; A small white light in the mountainside, in the direction of Fjellbekkh›gda.
18.45: (2); G2,F2; A white light moving down the mountainside, in the direction of R›dhovde.
19.22: (2); G5,F5; A yellow-orange light in the west, moving towards north.
19.24: (8); G5,F5; A light moving towards north, just above Øyungen.
19.58: (8); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
20.07: (2); G7,F4; A light moving very fast towards north. 35 degrees over the mountain, in the west. Duration 3 minutes.
20.08: (8); G7,F4; A light moving towards north. 60 degrees over the mountain, in the west.
20.09: (8); G7,F4; Three flashes very high up, in the east.
20.09: (2); G7,F4; Some flashes in the zenith (elevation 90 degrees).
21.54: (8); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
22.21: (8); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
22.48: (8); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.

Tuesday 21 February.
19.41: (3); G1,F2; A plane (?).

Wednesday 22 February.
18.38: (3); G6,F1; A plane moving towards north.
19.13: (3); G2,F1; A plane moving towards north.
20.13: (1); G3,F5; A red light moving towards north.
20.14: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
20.15: (3); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
22.23: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.

Thursday 23 February.
09.43: (1); G9,F1; A military plane moving towards northeast.
09.50: (1); G8,F1; A mil. plane moving towards north.
10.04: (1); G9,F1; A mil. plane moving towards northwest.
10.08: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
11.54: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.
12.11: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.
14.46: (1); G8,F1; A mil. plane moving towards north.
22.15: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.
22.19: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards south.
23.37: (1); G9,F1; A mil. plane moving towards north.

Saturday 25 February.
18.37: (1); G8,F1; A plane moving towards north.
20.06: (1); G3,F4; A flash just over V†rhuskj›len.

Sunday 26 February.
03.08: (2); G7,F5; First a flash, then a strong "spotlight" pointing at the observers. Then the spotlight was directed straight down. Thereafter the direction of the spotlight moved upwards, and moved back to the observers once more.

A2. Overview on some of the films

Lightst = A light that have made a line on the picture, due to a long time exposure.

Fi = Finnsåhøgda
FiN = Finnsåhøgda north
Li = Litlfjellet
LiW = Litlfjellet west
LiE = Litlfjellet east
VaW = Vårhuskjølen west

Film: LH1. Type: Tri-X. Time: 8 February to 15 February
7 : A snowscooter by the cottage at Litlfjellet. 8 February.
8 : Leif sitting in a sledge, 8 Feb. at 14.00 o'clock.
9 : A spectral-picture of the moon (half-moon).
10: A spectral-picture of the moon.
11: Only two lights, that might be noise (?). Otherwise nothing.
12: A lightst over FiN.
13: A lightst over FiN, further north.
14: A lightst over Øggdalen.
15: A lightst over LiW.
16: A lightst over Li.
17: A lightst over LiE.
18: A picture of LiE, no lights are seen.
19: A lightst over VaW, with some weak flickering.
20: A lightst over FiS, with uneven (?) flickering.
21: A lightst over FiS, with flickering with uneven amplitude.
22: A lightst over Fi, with two strong flickerings, and some weak.
23: A lightst over Fi, with flickering with even frequency and uneven amplitude.
24: A lightst over FiN, weak and no flashing.
25: A lightst over FiN, further north, now strong and now flashing.
26: A lightst over FiN, weaker towards the end (north).
27: A weak lightst over FiN/Øggdalen.
28: A weak lightst (or noise) over Øggdalen, and Aurora.
29: No picture.
30: Aurora with no reference.
31: Two weak lights over Va, or is it noise?
32: A weak light over Va. The picture is probably taken at dawn.

Film: LH2. Type: Tri-X. Time: 15 February to 17 February.
00: A light over FiN. There seem to be something black in the picture. Is it noise?
0 : Light over Øggdalen. There seem to be two black "things" in the picture. Is this also noise?
1 : Øggdalen. No lights.
2 : Picture of Fi.
3 : Picture of FiN.
4 : A weak lightst over FiN.
5 : A weak lightst over FiN.
6 : A lightst over Øggdalen.
7 : A lights over Li.
8 : A strong flickering light over VaW.
9 : A light just over the horizon of Fi. Noise?
10: A double-flash high over Fi. Noise?
11: A weak lightst over FiN.
12: Øggdalen. No light is seen.
13: Litlfjellet. No light is seen.
14: Litlfjellet, and something which is long and black. Noise?
15: A lightst over LiE.
16: The station seem towards Rognefjell.
17: A dark "U" over Li. Noise?
18: A light without reference.
19: Nothing.
20: The moon.
21: The moon.
22: ---: Nothing.

Film: LH3. Type: Tri-X. Time: 19 February to 19 February.
0 : A snowscooter outside the cottage at Hersjøen.
1,2: Four people inside the cottage at Hersjøen.
4 : A daylight-picture towards northeast of the station.
5 : A lightst over FiN.
6 : A strong lightst over Fi. Weak reference.
7 : A strong lightst over FiN. Weak reference.
8 : A strong lightst further north.
9 : A strong lightst over Øggdalen.
10: A strong lightst over Li. A strange movement in the middle.
11: A flickering light over FiS. Weak reference.
12: A double-flashing light over Fi. Weak reference.
13: A double-flashing light over FiN. Flash-Doubleflash- flash...
14: The same type of light further north.
15: Uneven flickering light far away.
16: Nothing.
17: Two strong lights in the north.
18: One strong light in the north, and two weak ones, which might be noise?
19,20: A spectral-picture of the moon, in the east just above the horizon.
21: A strong lightst over Fi. Uneven movement and flickering.

Film: APT1. Type: Tri-X. Time: 24 January to 27 January.
0,1,2: Pictures of the nature in Hessdalen.
3 : Nothing.
4-16: Nothing.
17: A small lightst. It should be Sirius.
18: A strong light. Sirius.
19-21: Nothing.
22: A lightst. See a part of the spectrum. F=1.7, t=4 seconds.
23: A lightst. See a part of the spectrum. F=1.7, t=4 seconds.
24: A lightst. See a part of the spectrum. F=1.7, t=4 seconds.
25: A light with a strong spectrum: Sirius. F=1.7, t=8 seconds.
26: A light with a little bit weaker spectrum. T=4 seconds.
27: A light with a weak spectrum. T=2 seconds.
28: Only Sirius is seen. T=1 seconds.
29-33: Nothing.
34-37: Daylight-pictures of the nature.

Film: ES1. Type: Tri-X Time: 21 January to 22 January.
0 : A daylight picture of the nature.
1 : A short lightst over FiN. Good star-spectrum.
2 : A weak lightst over Li. Good star-spectrum.
3 : A weak lightst over LiE. Good star-spectrum.
4 : A lightst with flashing over FiS. Weak star-spectrum.
5,6: Nothing.
7 : A lightst with a strange movement over Va. The lights from the houses in Hessdalen and their spectras are also seen.
8 : A lightst with a strange movement and two flashes in the lightst. The lights from the houses and their spectras are also seen.
9 : Nothing.
10: A lightst with a flash. Good star-spectrum.
11: A double-lightst over Fi. First (in the south) weak with flashes, then strong. Good star-spectrum.
12: A double-lightst over FiN.
13: A double-lightst over Øggdalen. Strong with flashing.
14: A double-lightst over Li. The frequency of the flashing suddenly became higher.
15: Nothing.
16: Spectrum of the lights in Hessdalen.
17: Spectrum of the moon.
18: A strong light over Va.
19: A lightst over Li. Much more noise from the other spectras.
20,21: Daylight picture of the nature and the station.

Film: ES3. Type: Neopan 400.
1 : A weak light over Fi.
2 : A weak lightst over Fi.
3 : A weak lightst with uneven amplitude. No reference.
4-6: A weak lightst. No reference.
7 : Grey; nothing.
8 : Nothing.
9 : Two weak lightst over FiN.
10,11: Grey with some star spectras.
12--- Grey and nothing.

Film: RW1. Type: 2484.
3 : A lightst with a slowly growing oscillation in one end.
5 : A lightst.
13-17: A light moving horisontally in the northeast. Good pictures.
18: Only nature. A ref. to picture 17.

Film: X. Type: Tri-X.
1 : A picture of Øggdalen. Unclear in the front.
2 : A picture of Øggdalen. Unclear in the front. Two lights over Fi?
3 : A picture of Øggdalen. Unclear in the background.
4 : Two strong lightst with a strange movement over Fi.
5 : A strong lightst with a strange movement over Fi. Taken from Hammarkneppen?
6 : A lightst over Fi. Strange movement.
7 : A lightst over Øggdalen. Strange movement. One slight movement of the camera (?).
8 : A lightst over Li. Strange movement.
9 : A lightst over LiE. Strange movement.
10: A lightst over Hammarkneppen in north. Strange movement.
11: A weak lightst in the northeast.
12: A weak lightst in the northeast. Far away.
13: A weak lightst in the northeast. Far away.
14: A long lightst in the northeast. Strange movement.
15: A lightst over FiN.
16: A lightst over Øggdalen.
17: Nothing.
18,19: A lightst without reference.
20: Higher order mode of the spectrum from the moon (?), over Va. The spectrum is horizontal.
21: A daylight-picture of the station, seen towards FiS.

Film: H001. Type: Tri-X. Time: 11 February to 12 February.
1 : A light just on top of the mountain.
2 : A lightst with strange movements over the mountain.
3 : A big area in the sky which is lighter.
4 : Nothing.
5,6,7: A lightst with strange movement. No reference.
8 : A lightst over a tree.
9 : A picture of the mountain.
10-21: Pictures of some of the people in the project.

A3. Registrations on seismograph

We also took an overview of the recordings, and we could clearly read visuable recordings at these times: (No recordings from other times than during the project period, are in this list)

01 Feb. at 08.00 - a small recording
01 Feb. at 15.42 - a small recording
12 Feb. at 06.01 - a small recording
15 Feb. at 11.57 to 12.00 - a small recording
16 Feb. at 18.26 to 18.42 - a big recording
18 Feb. at 00.14 - a very small recording
18 Feb. at 00.15 - a very small recording
18 Feb. at 00.34 to 00.37 - a small recording
18 Feb. at 06.31 - a very small recording
22 Feb. at 06.30 - a very small recording
23 Feb. at 16.31 - a small recording
24 Feb. at 13.59 to 14.03 - a medium recording

Recordings within a radius of 50 km from Hessdalen:

A4. Registrations on radar

- Frequency: 9450 MHz, +/- 20 MHz.
- Pulse peak: 3 kW.
- Pulse frequency: 1 kHz, - duration: 0.1 µs, 0,5 µs.
- Rotation frequency of the antenna: 25 rpm.
- Horisontal beam width: 3 dB-point: 2.4 degrees.
- Sidelobe attenuation at 10 degrees: < 25 dB.
- Vertical beam width: 18 degrees.
- Sidelobe attenuation: < 28 dB.
- Gain: 26 dB.

First I list all the recordings, then I plot som of the reflections in some drawings. There are three recordings on a light together with radar reflection. These are written with bold letters.

Sat. 21 Jan.

at 17.50: One reflection in the Haltdalen valley in the north. Also seen as a light. We followed this light from south towards north. When it was in the north, it suddenly moved straight down. Then it was detected by the radar.

Sun. 22 Jan. at 04.27: Three reflections on three sweeps, east of the mountain Rognefjell.

Mon. 23 Jan. at 17.42: One reflection in the north.

Tue. 24 Jan. at 19.18: Two reflections over Finnsåhøgda.

Wed. 25 Jan.

at 17.32: Two reflections over Finnsåhøgda. This was also seen by witnesses outside. This light had a waving movement.

Fri. 27 Jan.

at 22.58: Two reflections over Finnsåhøgda. This was also seen by witnesses outside. The light moved from south north. It moved very fast. On the radar we measured a minimum speed of about 8488 m/s.

Sat. 28 Jan.

at 15.49: Five reflections on four sweeps, very near the station in a southwesterly direction. The three first ones on three sweeps were big. The two last ones came on one sweep. It seemed as if the reflection had split into two smaller. They all seemed to follow a course.

Sun. 29 Jan.

at 16.10: Four reflections on four sweeps, very near the station in the northeast. First a very big one, then smaller and smaller. They seemed to follow a straight course.

Tue. 31 Jan.

at 19.01: Three reflections on three sweeps, moving on a course from Rognefjell to Vårhuskjølen.

Wed. 1 Feb.

at 15.49: Three reflections on three sweeps, following a course from V†rhuskjølen towards Aspåskjølen.

Thu. 2 Feb.

at 14.05: Three reflections on three sweeps, east of the station.

at 14.35: Five reflections on seven sweeps, in the north. First two reflections on two sweeps, then three reflections on every second sweep.
at 15.46: Two on two sweeps, south and near the station.
at 15.49: One west and near the station.
at 15.51: One southwest and near the station.
at 16.03: Two on two sweeps, north and near the station.

Fri. 3 Feb.

at 15.12, 16.09, 16.13, 16.41, 16.42, 16.43, 16.43, 16.51, 16.52 and 17.04.

Sat. 4 Feb. at 13.42, 13.44, 14.03, 14.21, 14.27, 14.29, 18.06 and 19.41.

Sun. 5 Feb.

at 13.09: Six on six sweeps, following a course from Rognefjell towards the southwest of the station.

Mon. 6 Feb.

at 14.13: Eight reflections on eight sweeps, moving in a southeasterly direction, east of the station.
at 21.41: One near and to the southeast of the station.

Fri. 17 Feb. at 19.18: One near Finnsåhøgda.

On the following pages, you will find drawings of the radarscreen showing some of the reflections mentioned in the list.

Radar recordings between 21 January and 25 January. [s. 53]

Radar recordings Friday 27 January. [s. 53]

Radar recordings Saturday 4 February. [s. 54]

Radar recordings Saturday 28 January and Sunday 29 January. [s. 54]

Radar recordings Sunday 5 February and Monday 6 February. [s. 55]

Radar recordings Friday 3 February. [s. 55]

A film from the radarscreen showing radar recordings during the 2.fieldwork, in January 1985.

A5. Registrations on spectrum analyser

The second type of registration is called (2). This one was more strange. It was "spikes" with almost equal amplitude, with 80 MHz between each, all over the frequency-band, from 100 kHz to 1250 MHz. The amplitude of these moved up and down. When they were down, they were about 5 dB over the noise, and when they were at the top, they were about 25-30 dB over the noise.

Sun. 29 January

from 19.25 to 19.33: A type (2) registration. It moved up and down all the time.

Sun. 29 January at 21.38: A type (2) registration. Only for a short time.

Tue. 31 January

from 15.42 to 15.44: A type (2) registration. Now periodic. It lasted a few seconds, then it stopped for a short time, started again and lasted for a few seconds.. and so on.

Tue. 31 January

at 16.42: A type (2) registration. Again periodic, but now the total time was almost one minute.

Fri. 3 February

at 16.44: A type (2) registration. Only a short time.
18.08: --- " ---
19.51: --- " ---
19.52: --- " ---
19.55: --- " ---
20.01: --- " ---

Thu. 9 February at 19.36: A type (1) registration at 145 MHz. A "spike" moved up and down twice.

Thu. 9 February at 20.04: A type (1) registration at 130 MHz. A "spike" showed up twice. 3 seconds between each.

Fri. 17 February at 17.49: A type (1) registration at 1070 MHz. A "spike" showed up two times. The amplitude was 22.5 dB over the noise level.

Sun. 19 February at 20.59: A type (1) registration at 1115 MHz. The amplitude was 12.5 dB over the noise level.

We have not found any simple correlation with the slow-varying magnetical fluctuations, that is why no copy of the recordings (which is several meters long) is included in the report.

In the list, there is first the approximate time, then on which coordinate it is recorded. At the end it indicates the approximate amplitude of the pulsation. This have to be approximate, because we don't know the exact frequency of the pulsation. If the frequency is 2 Hz, and the suppression is 20 dB/decade in the instrument, this pulsation will be suppressed about 14 dB.

The readings are divided in three types: Strong, medium and weak.
- Strong is a reading of about 10 gamma.
- Medium is a reading of about 2 gamma.
- Weak is a reading of about 0.5 gamma.

The actual amplitude might be higher than this, because of the suppressing in the instrument. The instrument could record the magnetical field in all three coordinates. We had a printer that had only two channels. We chosed channel X (towards north) and Y (towards east).

From Saturday 11 February at 16.12 to Sunday 12 February at 12.20.
16.16-16.17
17.51-17.54 on X and Y - strong
18.00-18.03 X - weak
18.40-18.42 on X and Y - medium
18.45-18.46 X - weak
19.23-19.25 Y - strong
19.55-19.57 Y - strong
20.45-20.48 Y - weak
21.04-21.06 X (and Y?) - very strong
21.09- a few seconds, X and Y - both strong, X stronger
21.10-21.11 X and Y - both strong, X stronger
21.14 and 21.15 both times a few seconds, X and Y - both strong
21.18-21.20 X - weak
21.28-21.30 X - medium
21.56-22.00 X - weak
22.20 - a few seconds, X and Y - strong
22.32 - some seconds (30), X and Y - strong
22.48 - some seconds, X and Y - strong
00.08-00.10 Y - weak
00.27-00.30 X - weak
01.35-01.42 X - weak

After this quite a few ones were observed. Some of them were hard to notice, while four were a little stronger than the others.

From Sunday 12 February at 15.32 to Monday 13 February at 10.07.
17.51-17.53 X - medium
18.17-18.20 X - medium
18.50-18.51 X - weak
19.36-19.39 X - medium
19.55-20.07 Y - weak
20.41-20.44 X - weak
21.41-21.49 Y - weak
22.48-22.50 Y - weak
After that a magnetical storm came up, and it was therefore difficult to read the pulsations. Besides, during a storm there will usually be many pulsations. The storm vanished at 6 o'clock on Monday 13. After that we can see pulsations at:
08.53-09.00 X - weak
09.37-09.48 Y - weak

From Monday 13 February at 10.07 to Tuesday 14 February at 03.02.
11.02-11.05 X and Y - weak
11.27-11.31 Y - weak
12.14-12.17 Y - medium
12.36-12.38 Y - weak
15.45-15.47 X - weak
17.05-17.07 Y - weak
18.13-18.14 Y - weak
After that a magnetical storm came up. It ended at 19.50.
20.12-20.13 X - weak
20.21-20.24 Y - weak
No more pulsations until a second storm started at 01.00.

From Tuesday 14 February at 03.07 to Wednesday 15 February at 11.31.
The storm ended at 11.00 o'clock.
14.52-14.54 X - medium
15.38-15.39 X - weak
16.49-16.55 Y - medium
17.14-17.16 X - medium
18.36-18.39 Y - weak
19.15-19.17 X - medium
20.18-20.21 X - medium
20.24-20.34 Y - weak
22.24-22.29 Y - weak
A storm between 23.55 and 00.53.
01.32-01.33 Y - weak
03.03-03.06 Y - weak
04.11-04.13 Y - weak
06.21-06.30 Y - weak
10.32-10.48 X - medium

During the period from 15 February to 26 February, the recordings were made by the Esterline-Angus graphic Ampmeter. That means that no fluctuations could be measured. A few times during that period, the needle made a fast movement. This happened also a couple of times when a light was seen. Whether this fast movement was caused by a pulsation or not, is difficult to say.

From Saturday 25 February at 17.30 to Sunday 26 February at 11.31.
17.54-17.58 X - medium
19.10-19.30 X - medium
23.06-23.07 X and Y - weak
23.20-23.24 X - weak
01.28-01.32 X - medium
02.34-02.48 Y - medium
03.32-04.02 X - medium
04.20-05.02 X - medium
04.30-04.34 Y - medium
08.14-08.26 Y - medium
08.34-09.26 Y - medium

Temperature measurements
From the 21.January to the 31.January 1984

From the 1.February to the 11.February 1984

From the 12.February to the 23.February 1984

Aeromagnetic map of Hessdalen

Geologic map of Hessdalen

Pictures

Photo taken by Arne P. Thomassen 25. October 1982. It is taken with a 400 mm lens in front, from the mountain Finnsåhøgda south, looking towards east. Fig. A1

Photo taken by Arne P. Thomassen Oktober 1982. It is taken with a 400 mm lens in front, from the mountain Finnsåhøgda south, looking towards east. Fig. A2

Photo taken by Arne P. Thomassen Oktober 1982. It is taken with a 400 mm lens in front, from the mountain Finnsåhøgda south, looking towards east. Fig. A3

Fig. A4 These two pictures are taken by Leif Havik 12 February at 17.53. They are taken from Litlfjellet towards Hessdalen. In the upper picture you can see the northern part of Aspåskjølen. The light moved towards Litlfjellet, followed the valley to the left. The lower picture is taken just before the light disappears behind the mountain in the eastern part of Litlfjellet. He used a Nikon FG with a 50 mm lens. Fig. A5

Photo taken by Arne P. Thomassen on 25 September between 19.00 and 20.30. It is taken with a 400 mm lens in front, from the mountain Finnsåhøgda south, looking towards east. Fig. A6

Photo showing the third category: Three lights together. The light at the right is red, and the two others are yellow-white. Leif Havik shot the picture on 18 March 1982, at 19.33. He used a Practica LTL-3 camera with a 135 mm lens equipped with a 2x teleconverter. Fig. A7

Fig.A8 Two photos taken by Björn Lagesson on Sunday 26 February at 03.08. They are taken with a grating in front. The lightstreak you see over the "lightpoint" is the spectrum of the light. The shortest wavelength is nearest the light. The picture at left is taken a few seconds before the picture at right. The report was rated at F5. You may read more about this story in the report: "Spectrographic records".

	Fig. A9 Two photos showing a reflection on the radarscreen. The reflection is marked. It is 1 nautical mile between the circles. Fig. A10

Picture taken from the headquarter towards Vårhuskjølen at 28 January at 15.49. The picture is taken when a strong reflection is seen on the radarscreen. As you see, nothing special is seen in the picture. Fig. A11

Photo taken by Roar Wister (RW1/3) Saturday 21 February at 19.23. Exposure time is 10 seconds. The aperture is f/5.6. It is taken with a Pentax ME Super with a Vivitar zoom lens with a range 75-205 mm, adjusted to 75 mm. Just after the picture was taken, an oscillation could be seen by the eyes. Probably the same oscillation which you see the start of in the picture. The frequency is 7 Hz. Fig. A12

Fig. A14 - The headquarter at Aspåskjølen, seen from southeast.

	Fig. A15	Photos taken by Roar Wister on Saturday 18 February at 20.18 (RW1/15-19). Pictures taken in east- northeasterly direction. Duration 2 minutes.
	Fig. A16
	Fig. A17
	Fig. A18
	Fig. A19

	Fig. A20 Photo showing two moving lights over Finnsåhøgda (X/4). The picture above is enlarged. The picture below is grossly enlarged. Fig. A20x

Fig. A21 - Photo taken by Erling Strand (ES1/13) on Saturday 21 January between 19.20 and 19.30.

Fig. A22 - Photos taken by Arne P. Thomassen on Wednesday 25 January at 19.10 (APT1/22,23). It is possible to see some kind of spectrum from 560 to 630 nm.